What Is Wirearchy ?
Over the past 10+ years, thousands of people have asked me “what is wirearchy ?“.
There’s one common misconception that I’d like to clear up first, which is that wirearchy is mainly about technology. If anything, wirearchy is about the power and effectiveness of people working together through connection and collaboration … taking responsibility individually and collectively rather than relying on traditional hierarchical status.
Most people today know that the Internet and the Web have had a lot of impact on our daily lives .. we’ve seen the rise (and sometimes fall) of initiatives like Napster, Amazon, eBay, Dell, blogging, Flickr, MySpace, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, advertising’s ongoing (and increasingly contentious) shift to the Web, and the rise of a vast networked range of political and information-gathering and dissemination activities.
In that context of ubiquitous impact, reams have been written about the erosion of the effectiveness of command-and control as the dominant model for leading and managing purposeful organized activities in business, education, government and governance, politics, culture and the arts … all the areas in which humans act together to create and get things done.
Hierarchy as a design principle that informs how activities are structured is evolving from top-down direction and supervision to champion-and-channel … championing ideas and innovation, and channeling time, energy, authority and resources to testing those ideas and the possibilities for innovation carried in those ideas.
Design principles are not solutions or methods or best practices. A principle is something that holds true across a system, and is defined to address the essence of the system .. that which characterizes the way the system is structured and operates, that which gives rise to the ‘rules’ of that system. Principles are used to define and design purpose, context and how things are intended to operate. They address and engender the essence of a system, creating the patterns of activity and the dynamics of power that govern those patterns, the ways of existing in and inhabiting a system.
Wirearchy is an (emerging) primary organizing principle. As such, it can be used to better understand, instantiate and act towards effectiveness in an interconnected networked world.
The working definition of Wirearchy is “a dynamic two-way flow of power and authority, based on knowledge, trust, credibility and a focus on results, enabled by interconnected people and technology”.
Each of these four core attributes or elements of the principle is a domain unto themselves. Many thousands of books have been written about each of them as subjects unto themselves. This is not surprising, given we are talking about humans who are connected, exchanging amongst each other(s) in order to … gossip, learn, share useful current information, find out how to do things, explore ideas, build and operate effective organizations, carry out effective government and governance, and so on.
In other words, they are central elements of the whole range of human activities in the more ‘advanced’ world (I’m not forgetting here that there are millions upon millions who work with their hands or for various reasons do not have access to computers or connectedness). I make that statement also knowing that there have been significant developments in what are perceived as under-developed countries, mainly regarding smartphones and the widespread use wireless or satellite connection).
Knowledge, trust, credibility and an aim for some sort of result (a purpose, in other words) are core elements of human social activity and as people are connected peer-to-peer, they are becoming the most potent areas upon which to concentrate to create perceptible tangible value.
I believe the shifts in power and authority are showing up in clear ways all around us, for better and for worse. The shift can be seen in daily events and in the ways peoples’ working lives and behaviours are changing, in the ways they are becoming more or less well-informed, and in consumption patterns for much of what they are buying and using. Examples are reported on regularly, as the impacts of living in the interconnected digital infrastructure of an electronic age take root. It is clearly implied by the phenomenon of e-everything.
Interconnected access to information, knowledge and instantaneous communications provides the modern equivalent to the dynamics created by the invention of the printing press – information distributed (much) more widely and in many cases today almost instantly … certainly at speeds that allow the rhythm of a conversation back and forth but in ways that leave a pragmatic actionable record of that conversation.
Today’s rapid flows of information are like electronic grains of sand, eroding the pillars of rigid traditional hierarchies. This new set of conditions is having real impact on organizational structures and the dynamics these structures generate, contain and also block. In turn this impact is growing into massive change in the ways we do things and behave.
Some of this is exhilarating, and great. Some of it is not. Some of it is about greater confusion, stress and frantic action. Some of it is about clarity, calm and right action. Polarities are appearing everywhere. Different dimensions and dynamics of influence, power and control are emerging at various nodes of interconnected networks of purpose.
The last thirty years have been about the building of the technical infrastructure that provides an interconnected world. The integrated platform for a transformation to economies and a world driven by the communication and exchange of information is now solidly in place.
The next fifty years will almost certainly be about learning how we will behave in an interconnected world and workplace. The dynamics of wirearchy are similar to, and different than, traditional hierarchy – yet need effective and transparent hierarchical structure and action to work smoothly.
What Wirearchy Means For You
As a Leader
Become deeply aware of and truly mindful about the scope and reach of interconnected markets and flows of information. Understand how and why people are connecting, talking, sharing information. Be prepared to listen deeply, be responsible, be accountable and be transparent.
As a Manager
Become knowledgeable about online work systems and how the need for collaboration is changing the nature of work, generally – and the nature of managerial work specifically. Learning how to be an effective listener and coach is all-important.
As an Employee
Become more aware of the changing nature of work, and the traditional structures of authority. Develop a clear understanding of how to be both empowered and valuable and of service. Understand how to navigate on one’s own through aconstantly shifting landscape of work.
As a Citizen
Understand the possibilities and responsibilities inherent in open and public dissemination of information. Understand and exercise the responsibilities of citizenship in a country and community. Understand how to have influence via electronic participation and collaboration.
Responding to the Conditions of Wirearchy
Responding to the interconnected and interlinked conditions of wirearchy is about adapting on a continuous basis based on real-timefeedback to an environment that keeps changing. This means:
- being aware of, and identifying, the changes and preparing for more change on an ongoing basis. Learn to “go with the flow” of life.
- setting a direction for a desired future, and ensuring that the desired future can be clearly articulated,
- translating the details of that vision into goals,
- learning how to fulfill the goals,
- finding and acquiring the necessary resources, and taking the necessary actions,
- and opening to and operating in ongoing and constant feedback loops
As the impacts of information technology have penetrated more deeply and pervasively into the workplace, the nature of work has shifted. The first responses were a general flattening of organizational structure and a focus on developing and implementing teamwork.Today, new responses are emerging thick and fast – and there is a pattern to them. Clear trends are emerging about how to respond:
Architectural Considerations (Technology and Social)
Flexibility, responsiveness and ease-of-use are critical design principles. Do the hard work of defining what that means for, your work and your organization. Too often legacy mindsets and the inability to “let go” of power and control mitigate against the discipline necessary to experience real and sustainable transformation.
Dialogue - Purpose, Meaning and Values
People have an intrinsic need to find meaning and experience community in their work. The responses identified by OD (organizational development theory and practice) during the past thirty years are more important than ever – yet it seems that the “soft stuff” is still the “hard stuff”. Finding the time, and breaking through the resistance, to work on dialogue is as difficult – and necessary – as ever.
Scenario Planning
In an increasingly interconnected and rapidly-flowing world, linear cause-and-effect planning is showing its age. Involving people in creating stories about what might happen, and then providing backgrounds for choosing possibility based on a preferred future, is gaining in awareness as an effective tool for responding to ongoing uncertainty.
Strategic Conversations and Workshops
Look into how to use conceptually integrated methodologies and tools,such as Organigraphs, Balanced ScoreCard, Strategy Maps, Strategy Canvas, Network Analysis, Wirearchy Blueprinting, Sensemaking, and other approaches emerging out of this new set of conditions. The tools listed above are all useful means of engaging in purposeful conversation about the “why” and “what” of grounding the theory of a business or organization and implementing the disciplined activity necessary to realize positive outcomes.
Participative Work Design – Fluidity, Responsiveness, Mass Customization of Work
The people on the front lines, at the “coal face” of an organization’s interaction with customers, are best equipped to make strategies real and effective. Participative Work Design has proven its value, time and again, when organizations find the courage to address true empowerment.
Knowledge Management – Blogs, Wikis, Widgets, IM, Web 2.0
Knowledge Management and now Enterprise 2.0 and Social Business are “buzz words” that won’t go away. And for good reason – the floods of information and knowledge unleashed by the confluence of software and the Internet won’t stop. People now increasingly work with flows of information and knowledge. Learning how to work with (and within) these flows is mission-critical – riding the flow will require putting the dynamic of champion-and-channel to effective use.
Team Work, Team Building
Teams are here to stay. Interconnectedness, and the interdependency of integrated flows of information and knowledge demand cross-functional perspectives, the ability to carry out and receive smooth hand-offs, and the agility to work in the time-bending conditions of asynchronous social computing.
Emotional Intelligence, Coaching
Getting things done in the “permanent white water” of the interconnected world demands higher levels of personal and interpersonal effectiveness. As a generality, less-and-less often now will people accept authoritarian directives based on position and status. And if they do, it leads quickly to fear, resentment, disengagement and erosion of effectiveness.
Collaborative Technology
An integrated infrastructure is often in place in today’s organization, and there are definite trends (SOA, SaaS, cloud computing, opensource social networking and communications platforms and services) that are creating a pattern for the infrastructure of our activities and what we will use it for and do with it. Collaboration is fundamental to getting things done – and yet, there are still many examples of territoriality and the division of work into functional silos. Silos of expertise and activity have their uses, and it is also the case that the limitations of siloed information and communications have been concerns for at least twenty years – it must be addressed when the threads of connection run throughout the organization and its links with customers, employees and suppliers.
E-learning (increasing Informal or Social Learning)
Ongoing learning is too obvious as both an enhancement of effectiveness and a time-and-cost saver to ignore. The very large increases in the penetration and spread of social computing and the evolution of its philosophy and principles and the approaches to experimentation and implementation are being chronicled, and are subjected to significant peer review and dialogue in professional circles of conversation. The patterns of organization and activity are being discovered project by project, initiative by initiative. The interactive social web’s influence on learning will, I believe, in time show itself to be revolutionary through placing the learner squarely in the center of her or his world, but subject to a an ever-shifting mosaic of context that, because of community needs, imposes constraints(both positive and negative) on how we interact.
Talent Management
All of the above responses point to new dynamics of relationship between employees and organizations. The world is moving too fast for the primary relationship to remain the “master-servant” archetype of the Industrial Age.
The Fundamental Sociology of Networked Knowledge Work
An adult-to-adult model (rather than parent-child) is emerging and is based on the fundamental of what was known as Transactional Analysis, developed in the 1970′s. This is the heart of the matter. Adult people do not want to be slaves, chattel, or treated as if children needing ongoing guidance. In an interconnected world, we will all need to take responsibility for why and what it is that we do, and we will perforce do this in a context of co-creation with other people.
Wirearchy – “a dynamic two-way flow of power and authority based on knowledge, trust, credibility and a focus on results, enabled by interconnected people and technology.”
Valdis, brilliant! A synthesis of current trends par excellence. FYI I have just posted a link to it on the Open Anthropology Cooperative: http://openanthcoop.ning.com/forum/topics/one-crossover-between-the-graeberian-and-latourian-projects?page=1&commentId=3404290%3AComment%3A182299&x=1#3404290Comment182299
Thanks for the kind words, John.
I guess you got pointed here by Valdis.
His work is amazing ! He offers such a clear and simple approach to understanding and analyzing the focus and dynamics of people operating on purpose in networks, and I am privileged to have been trained by him in how to do what he does (although I am certain that he is much more skilled than me, given that he’s carried out hundreds, if not thousands, of analyses of networks ranging from the small and simple to the large and complex.
And yes, there’s still a whole lot of change out there in front of us. It’s barely just gotten started, in my opinion.
Jon Husband
Brilliant post, with a clarity of vision and message, covering all the challenges we’re now facing. Particularly like the tips you provide to leaders, managers, employees and citizens. Will surely share this post!
Ana .. thanks you very much for your endorsement, and I’m pleased that you appreciated it.
Any and all ongoing clarification or useful interpretations of the challenges, opportunities and possibilities “out there” are welcome, and there are an awful lot of smart people who have “clued in” (hehe, remember the Cluetrain Manifesto ?) and are doing their level best to make this period one of the most exciting (and hopefully more humane) periods of history in which to live.
“are doing their level best to make this period one of the most exciting (and hopefully more humane) periods of history in which to live” Jon, I totally agree, exciting times indeed! And yes, the amount of smart people around that are writing and speaking about these topics leaves me hopeful that we are planting seeds of change, even if it takes more time than we wished. If markets are conversations, then we need to keep the conversations going!
Thank you for this – my first visit to your thoughts and I found you articulated my own (far more clearly). It wasn’t till a long way into reading that I realised you were approaching your view from a work perspective (not entirely I realise) – I was reading from the perspective of my part in the (non-heirachial) Occupy movement
Although when I read from my professional working head, I saw the why of everything. Sorry I can’t express this better but the thoughts are still settling.
Thank you for a mind now too busy tying pieces together, to sleep.
Namaste,
Tina
Hi, Tina. Thanks for popping by.
Yes .. as an organizing principle I’ve always believed that what I call wirearchy is applicable to all human activities in our society(ies).
Yes, I framed this piece in terms of organizations and knowledge work.
And yes, the definition and the dynamics it generates pertain to the Occupy Movement … and other areas as well.
Pingback: émergenceweb : blogue » Intranet et RSE, c’est quoi la différence au juste ?
Pingback: émergenceweb : blogue » Mais si seulement l’entreprise savait tout ce qu’elle sait…
Pingback: From hierarchies to wirearchies | Harold Jarche
Pingback: Internet Time Alliance | From hierarchies to wirearchies
Pingback: Week 4: Scrums, Swarms and Wirearchies – Consequences of the World Wide Web | Anthony W. Montgomery
Pingback: ‘Work’ in the New Web Era | Timothy Bonadies
Pingback: The World of Work | kunklerobb
Pingback: European Companies Stay the Long-term Course towards Social Business - Forbes
Pingback: European Companies Stay the Long-term Course towards Social Business | Experts Bto
Pingback: Entreprise 2.0 : organisation et management doivent changer de version ! | Komunote
Pingback: Week 8: Course Reflections – Command-and-Control is Obsolete | Anthony W. Montgomery
Pingback: The Future of Work-Go With the Flow | TRKOA
Pingback: Can the World of Work and Wirearchy Impact the World of Education? | vanadoo13
Pingback: The value of expertise and clearly defined roles in the workplace | Thoughts on Technology and Leadership